Foundation and Empire Acknowledgments Free Essays

The date was August 1, 1941. World War II had been seething for a long time. France had fallen, the Battle of Britain had been battled, and the Soviet Union had quite recently been attacked by Nazi Germany. We will compose a custom article test on Establishment and Empire Acknowledgments or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now The besieging of Pearl Harbor was four months later. Be that as it may, on that day, with Europe on fire, and the malicious shadow of Adolf Hitler evidently falling over all the world, what was mainly at the forefront of my thoughts was a gathering toward which I was hurrying. I was 21 years of age, an alumni understudy in science at Columbia University, and I had been composing sci-fi expertly for a long time. In that time, I had offered five stories to John Campbell, editorial manager of Astounding, and the fifth story, â€Å"Nightfall,† was going to show up in the September 1941 issue of the magazine. I had an arrangement to see Mr. Campbell to disclose to him the plot of another story I was intending to compose, and the catch was that I had no plot as a primary concern, not the hint of one. I along these lines attempted a gadget I once in a while use. I opened a book indiscriminately and set up free affiliation, starting with whatever I previously observed. The book I had with me was an assortment of the Gilbert and Sullivan plays. I happened to open it to the image of the Fairy Queen of lolanthe giving herself wholeheartedly to the feet of Private Willis. I thought of officers, of military realms, of the Roman Empire †of a Galactic Empire †aha! Why shouldn’t I compose of the fall of the Galactic Empire and of the arrival of feudalism, composed from the perspective of somebody in the safe days of the Second Galactic Empire? All things considered, I had perused Gibbon’s Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire not once, however twice. I was rising over when I got to Campbell’s, and my energy more likely than not been getting for Campbell blasted up as I had never observed him do. Over the span of an hour we developed the thought of an immense arrangement of associated stories that were to bargain in complicated detail with the thousand-year time frame between the First and Second Galactic Empires. This was to be lit up by the study of psychohistory, which Campbell and I worked out between us. On August 11, 1941, accordingly, I started the tale of that interregnum and called it â€Å"Foundation.† In it, I depicted how the psychohistorian, Hari Seldon, set up a couple of Foundations at furthest edges of the Universe under such conditions as to ensure that the powers of history would realize the second Empire following one thousand years rather than the thirty thousand that would be required something else. The story was submitted on September 8 and, to ensure that Campbell truly implied the thing he said about an arrangement, I finished â€Å"Foundation† on a bluff holder. Along these lines, it appeared to me, he would be compelled to purchase a subsequent story. Be that as it may, when I began the subsequent story (on October 24), I found that I had outfoxed myself. I immediately kept in touch with myself into a stalemate, and the Foundation arrangement would have kicked the bucket a dishonorable passing had I not had a discussion with Fred Pohl on November 2 (on the Brooklyn Bridge, as it occurred). I don’t recall what Fred really stated, be that as it may, whatever it was, it hauled me out of the gap. â€Å"Foundation† showed up in the May 1942 issue of Astounding and the succeeding story, â€Å"Bridle and Saddle,† in the June 1942 issue. After that there was just the normal difficulty of composing the accounts. Through the rest of the decade, John Campbell continued working hard and ensured he got extra Foundation stories. â€Å"The Big and the Little† was in the August 1944 Astounding, â€Å"The Wedge† in the October 1944 issue, and â€Å"Dead Hand† in the April 1945 issue. (These accounts were composed while I was working at the Navy Yard in Philadelphia.) On January 26, 1945, I started â€Å"The Mule,† my undisputed top choice among the Foundation stories, and the longest yet, for it was 50,000 words. It was printed as a two-section sequential (the absolute first sequential I was ever answerable for) in the November and December 1945 issues. When the subsequent part showed up I was in the military. After I escaped the military, I composed â€Å"Now You See It-† which showed up in the January 1948 issue. At this point, however, I had become burnt out on the Foundation stories so I attempted to end them by setting up, and unraveling, the riddle of the area of the Second Foundation. Campbell would have none of that, in any case. He constrained me to change the closure, and made me guarantee I would do one more Foundation story. Indeed, Campbell was the sort of supervisor who couldn't be denied, so I kept in touch with one more Foundation story, vowing to myself that it would be the last. I called it â€Å"-And Now You Don’t,† and it showed up as a three-section sequential in the November 1949, December 1949, and January 1950 issues of Astounding. By at that point, I was on the natural chemistry staff of Boston University School of Medicine, my first book had quite recently been distributed, and I was resolved to proceed onward to new things. I had gone through eight years on the Foundation, composed nine stories with an aggregate of around 220,000 words. My all out income for the arrangement came to $3,641 and that appeared to be sufficient. The Foundation was completely finished with, most definitely. In 1950, in any case, hardcover sci-fi was simply appearing. I had no issue with gaining somewhat more cash by having the Foundation arrangement republished in book structure. I offered the arrangement to Doubleday (which had just distributed a sci-fi novel by me, and which had contracted for another) and to Little-Brown, yet both dismissed it. In that year, however, a little distributing firm, Gnome Press, was starting to be dynamic, and it was set up to do the Foundation arrangement as three books. The distributer of Gnome felt, in any case, that the arrangement started too unexpectedly. He convinced me to compose a little Foundation story, one that would fill in as an early on area to the main book (so the initial segment of the Foundation arrangement was the last composed). In 1951, the Gnome Press release of Foundation was distributed, containing the presentation and the initial four accounts of the arrangement. In 1952, Foundation and Empire showed up, with the fifth and 6th stories; and in 1953, Second Foundation showed up, with the seventh and eighth stories. The three books together came to be known as The Foundation Trilogy. The minor certainty of the presence of the Trilogy satisfied me, however Gnome Press didn't have the money related clout or the distributing expertise to get the books appropriated appropriately, with the goal that couple of duplicates were sold less despite everything paid me eminences. (These days, duplicates of first releases of those Gnome Press books sell at $50 a duplicate and up-yet I despite everything get no eminences from them.) Expert Books put out soft cover releases of Foundation and of Foundation and Empire, however they changed the titles, and utilized cut forms. Any cash that was included was paid to Gnome Press and I didn’t see quite a bit of that. In the primary decade of the presence of The Foundation Trilogy it might have earned something like $1500 all out. But then there was some remote intrigue. In mid 1961, Timothy Seldes, who was then my manager at Doubleday, disclosed to me that Doubleday had gotten a solicitation for the Portuguese rights for the Foundation arrangement and, since they weren’t Doubleday books, he was giving them to me. I moaned and stated, â€Å"The hell with it, Tim. I don’t get sovereignties on those books.† Seldes was sickened, and immediately set about getting the books from Gnome Press so that Doubleday could distribute them. He gave no consideration to my noisily communicated fears that Doubleday â€Å"would lose its shirt on them.† In August 1961 an understanding was reached and the Foundation books became Doubleday property. What’s more, Avon Books, which had distributed a soft cover variant of Second Foundation, set about getting the rights to each of the three from Doubleday, and put out pleasant versions. From that second on, the Foundation books took off and started to gain expanding eminences. They have sold well and consistently, both in hardcover and softcover, for two decades up until this point. Progressively, the letters I got from the perusers discussed them in high applause. They got more consideration than all my different books set up. Doubleday additionally distributed an omnibus volume, The Foundation Trilogy, for its Science Fiction Book Club. That omnibus volume has been consistently highlighted by the Book Club for more than twenty years. Matters arrived at a peak in 1966. The fans arranging the World Science Fiction Convention for that year (to be held in Cleveland) chose to grant a Hugo for the best unsurpassed arrangement, where the arrangement, to qualify, needed to comprise of in any event three associated books. It was the first run through such a classification had been set up, nor has it been rehashed since. The Foundation arrangement was designated, and I felt that would need to be brilliance enough for me, since I was certain that Tolkien’s â€Å"Lord of the Rings† would win. It didn’t. The Foundation arrangement won, and the Hugo I got for it has been perched on my bookshelf in the livingroom from that point onward. In among this reiteration of achievement, both in cash and in popularity, there was one irritating reaction. Perusers couldn’t help however notice that the books of the Foundation arrangement secured just 300 or more long stretches of the thousand-year rest between Empires. That implied the Foundation arrangement â€Å"wasn’t finished.† I got endless letters from perusers who requested that I finish it, from other people who requested I finish it, and still other people who compromised critical retaliation in the event that I didn’t finish it. More regrettable yet, different editors at Doubleday throughout the years have called attention to that it may be shrewd to complete it. It was complimenting, of cou

Synthesis Essay free essay sample

All through today’s society, media adds to nearly everyone’s day by day life. From useful news stations to diverting network shows, media ends up being powerful in notice, discharging messages and educating the crowd. In spite of the fact that media ends up being fiercely powerful in promoting, discharging messages and educating the crowd, intermittently ruinous and deceiving messages are given to the crowd and legitimately affecting ladies. Social pundits broadly concur that media will in general contrarily impact ladies and all the pundits point to explore which bolsters the conviction that ladies are depicted as subordinate to men, having no discretion and having minimal self-assurance in themselves. Furthermore, the media frequently recognizes ladies as an item. All through media, ladies are barely ever depicted as the fundamental concentration or character in a network show, commercial, animation or novel. In spite of the fact that media makers would abstain from confessing to depicting ladies in such a manner, Katha Pollitt in the â€Å"Smurfette Principle† unmistakably concurs and states; â€Å"I ran over not a solitary system animation or manikin show featuring a female† (545). We will compose a custom paper test on Amalgamation Essay or on the other hand any comparable theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Through the instances of different children’s network shows, Pollitt contends that ladies are minor to men and that even kids are getting onto the media’s women's activist ways. Pollitt then examines what she calls the â€Å"smurfette principle† which is the point at which a specific male character or gathering of men will be highlighted by a solitary lady character. Not exclusively is Pollitt the main pundit that concurs that ladies are scarcely ever depicted as the principle center or character, yet researcher Carmen D. Siering takes a situation on this point also. In Carmen D. Siering’s â€Å"Taking a Bite out of Twilight,† Siering utilizes an educational tone to talk about the women's activist issue that advances in the well known youthful grown-up novel Twilight. As Siering presents the characters in her article she states: â€Å" Bella Swan-apparently an exceptionally normal human young lady has two admirers. . . one is the inconceivable lovely vampire Edward, the other an unwavering and dedicated werewolf, Jacob† (438). In spite of the fact that Siering records Bella as a character, the straightforward debasing reality that Bella has two admirers that are both male gives that Bella is a piece of the â€Å"smurfette principle;† part of the unfurling story, however just highlighting the two men. In spite of the way that Siering and Pollitt utilize various instances of media the two pundits take a position in concurring that ladies are in truth depicted as the principle center in media. In spite of the way that ladies are once in a while depicted as the primary character or principle center in media, another difficult ladies face is that media produces that ladies have no restraint and can't settle on choices all alone. In â€Å"Two Ways a Woman Can Get Hurt,† Jean Kilbourne utilizes different sums and instances of ads that corrupt and put disgrace upon ladies. Using ads, Kilbourne concurs that notices give the possibility that ladies can't settle on choices all alone by giving, â€Å"Ad after promotion suggests that young ladies and ladies don’t truly mean â€Å"no† when they state it, that ladies are possibly prodding when they oppose men’s advances† (462). Despite the fact that Kilbourne doesn't unequivocally express that ladies can't settle on their own choices, the straightforward despicable commercial that delineates a ladies who doesn’t mean no when she is attempting to oppose a man that is compelling her into having sexual illicit relationships, gives the message that ladies can't settle on their own choices on the grounds that the man constraining her accepts that a lady won’t settle on the choice. Beside the way that the promotions Kilbourne gives demonstrate that the media communicates something specific that ladies can't settle on their own choices, yet Carmen D. Siering additionally demonstrates that notwithstanding a lady not fit for settling on her own choices, a lady likewise has no restraint. In Siering’s article â€Å"Taking a Bite out of Twilight,† Siering states, â€Å"Bella, then again, is always unable to do likewise. From their absolute first kiss, she is battling to control her enlivening sexuality† (439). Siering states this in her article as she is separating female sexuality in the novel, Twilight. The straightforward truth in her announcement is that Bella can't avoid Edward and can't control her sexuality and desire for him. Both Siering and Kilbourne identify with one another through various types of composing by verifiably concurring that media depicts ladies as though they can't settle on their own choices and that ladies have no discretion. In spite of the fact that the media produces that ladies have no restraint, the media likewise incites the deceptive thought that ladies have no fearlessness in themselves. Through the different messages and thoughts that ad, TV programs, kid's shows and even books sell-ladies will in general lose self-assurance in themselves, yet the media will in general send the message that ladies as of now have no self-assurance. In â€Å"Love My Neighbors, Hate Myself: The Vicissitudes of Affect in Cosmetic Surgery,† Virginia Blum opens up her articles with a perception about the unexpected ascent in the quantity of mainstream TV programs about plastic medical procedure and the move of expanding quantities of ladies that get plastic medical procedure. In her article with respect to the reasons ladies want plastic medical procedure, Blum states, â€Å" certain customary social qualities must be selected for the benefit of speaking to these medical procedures not as vain and shallow yet as a course toward sparkling personal development, not as demonstrations of self-hatred yet as proof of self esteem† (802). In spite of the fact that Blum never evidently expresses that ladies have no fearlessness in themselves, the crowd assembles and presumes that ladies get plastic medical procedure to help support their self-assurance and that it is socially worthy and ordinary to permit picture to decide self-assurance. Other than Blum’s article, another researcher, Jean Kilbourne, likewise relates her musings and appears to concur that media depicts a lady as though she has no fearlessness. In her article, Kilbourne is calling attention to the dishonorable distinction in the manner society sees a gathering of men between the manner in which society sees a gathering of ladies. Kilboure communicates in her article, â€Å"For men, however, there are no such outcomes. Men’s bodies are not routinely judged and invaded† (467). As Kilbourne relates this articulation in her article, it demonstrates to the crowd that society and media has a harsher basic assessment of the presence of ladies in contrast with the presence of a man that diminishes the self-assurance of a lady. Virginia Blum and Jean Kilbourne both adequately disperse their convictions and identify with one another in wording that ladies have no self-assurance in themselves using unscripted tv appears and famous youthful grown-up books. Moreover corresponding to the impact of ladies through media, the media additionally distinguishes ladies as though they are simply an item. This deceptive message that media depicts lies legitimately in TV programs that incorporate kid's shows and superhero’s and even youthful grown-up books, for example, Twilight. In Julie O’ Reilly’s article, â€Å"The Wonder Woman Precedent: Female (Super) Heroism on Trial,† O’ Reilly contends the differentiations between the ways male and female superhumans are scrutinized in their individual characters. While talking about the battles ladies need to battle to go to achieve the fulfillment of turning into a superhuman, O’ Reilly states, â€Å"The preliminaries fill in as an intermittent repositioning of super-fueled ladies from the dynamic subjects they should be so as to work as legends to the more passiveor at any rate submissiveobjects they should become to experience these trials† (452). In this announcement, O’ Reilly is contending that ladies are in actuality an article. Carmen D. Siering additionally concurs with O’ Reilly’s proclamation in her article â€Å" Taking a Bite out of Twilight† and chooses to incorporate that, â€Å"Bella is a prize, not an individual, somebody to whom things occur, not a functioning member in the unfurling story† (439). Siering gives her model in her article as she sets up the unfurling story of Twilight. Not exclusively do Siering and O’ Reilly relate in understanding, yet so do the researchers Katha Pollitt and Jean Kilbourne. Despite the fact that the researchers utilize various sorts of media to concur that ladies are recognized as only an item, every one of the four of the researchers viably concur and demonstrate their focuses. In Katha Pollitt’s, â€Å"The Smurfette Principle,† Pollitt claims, â€Å" young men are people, young ladies types† (545). Pollitt issues her case as she gives the corrupting truth that young men are the â€Å"norm† and young ladies are the â€Å"variation† to demonstrate that ladies are not in a similar grouping as men. Notwithstanding demonstrate the scholar’s understandings upon ladies depicted as an item, Jean Kilbourne clarifies in her article that brutality can be advocated all the more effectively if an individual turns into an article. Kilbourne then states: â€Å"The individual turns into an item and brutality is unavoidable. The progression is now taken with women† (466). Kilbourne issues this case as she checks that typification prompts brutality and that ladies are as of now generalized, along these lines savagery is now â€Å"inevitable. † Through epitome, the four researchers concur that ladies are in certainty recognized in media as simply an article in today’s society. All through media and the historical backdrop of media, deceiving and ruinous messages have been sold t

Introduction To Politics Example

Introduction To Politics Example Introduction To Politics â€" Essay Example > Introduction to Politics In classical forms, principle of sovereignty is used to describe a world where the supreme power is being exercises within a certain territorial unit. This essay shall discuss the problems of the idea of citizenship in modern globalized world. It shall then seek to justify whether state should interfere with the liberty of an individual. State is governed through a constitution. The essay shall seek to identify how important a constitution is in making a sovereign state legitimate. It shall then seek to identify whether politic is a science or an art. Citizenship describes the procedural legal relationship between an individual or person and the policy. For a very long time, the theories of citizenship have been based on the idea of politically independent and self-governing policies. The relationship between citizenship and politics forms source of most problems associated with citizenship. Citizenship is conceived from political institutions which are li berated to act according to the will, interest of authority over their citizens. The rank of citizenship in democratic societies is often regarded as legal. It often intended to be associated with the progressive projects which are of broad concept of membership in the community. At the same time it is difficult in such a community to assume that every member has equal rights. Some members will enjoy more privileges than others, due to the status and hierarchy they are in the society. Formal equalities like travel and voting rights, economic positions and social cultural fall short for different citizens enjoying the same membership. This inequality also results to the notion of having second-class citizens. Citizenship should not discriminate on gender, class or race, but should be neutral to all the people. However, positions taken by different people and groups within the states globally, have allowed discriminations in to take sides in these areas. It is evident throughout the ages the membership of citizenship has experienced challenges over time. Globalization then accelerates the tension of citizenship in the concept of equality based on the membership. Globalization puts emphasis on different identities of the membership custom. This makes it harder to utilize a citizenship as singular notion or as a single legal status that links directly to nation state which is the centre of domestic and international law. While it is supposed to identify citizens’ responsibilities and rights by the virtue of legal citizenship, its social, political and legal rights are determined through other alternatives that are based on the framework of the state. Responsibilities like voting, political rights and representation in the democratic systems, mobility, travel and social rights are some of the rights infringed in this case. In defining citizenship, the definition is linked to nationality and the international law. The international law affirms that the country or the state can determine who is to be considered the citizen of that state and who should not be. In domestic laws, the law concerning who will and who will not be determined to be a citizen of a country vary from one country to another. This leads to many people acquiring different nationality and even in some situations some may acquire more than citizenship in different countries just by fulfilling formal requirements. Most of the problems associated with citizenship are due to states government. The liberty of the citizens is held by this state organ.

Depression and Antidepressant - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2522 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Analytics Essay Type Argumentative essay Level High school Topics: Depression Essay Did you like this example? Introduction: Depression is one of the parts of mental disorder which is affecting millions of people worldwide. [6] The logical analytical approach used in clinical and forensic toxicology for the identification of one or more Antidepressant Drugs as a cause of intoxication is largely based on both simple and fast screening methods which cover their extraction and identification including detection of their possible metabolites is been tried to reviewed. Antidepressant: Types Functions Antidepressant drugs cover many varieties of drugs having different modes of actions like [16] etc. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Depression and Antidepressant" essay for you Create order Adverse effects Antidepressants are supposed to increase the risk of suicidal thinking and behavior in children accompanying other disorders like depressive and psychiatric disorders. [17] [18] [19] The European Medicines Agency showed warning on the use of Antidepressants which might be increased the risk of suicidal behavior in children and adolescents. [31] TCAs and MAOIs can produce similar kind of side effects like Tachycardia, blurred vision, urinary retention, cardiovascular effects , hypotension, respiratory depression, coma etc. [4] Thus, these drugs may be responsible for the fatality and intoxication and can produce severe effects. Also their growing rate all over the world may show threatening effects which is the matter of global concern. Thus, its increasing prescription rate and adverse effects resulting in a growing interest for determination methods in the Clinical and Forensic field. Biological Samples use for the Screening of Antidepressant Drugs Biological samples are the basic requirement of Forensic and Clinical Toxicology as it solve several related questions which make basis of judgement, consultation and expertise for the above two fields. The matrices generally encountered for analysis are urine [34], hair, nails, vitrous humour etc. The most important biosample used for analytical purposes is Blood. It is a liquid connective tissue of the body composed of different kinds of blood cells suspended in a fluid called plasma. Blood (plasma, serum) is one of the best choices for quantitative and qualitative measurements of drugs of interest because pharmacological or toxicological effects correlate more effectively with their concentrations in blood. [42] Another important biological sample is Urine which is a widely used specimen employed for screening, identification and testing of unknown drugs, forms in high amount, readily available, easy to collect and contains much useful information about the major metabolic functions of the body. [43] Taking Forensic concept in postmortem cases if the positive finding of drug occurs in urine shows that the detected substance or its parent compound might be present in the body some time before death [48] A next alternative to the blood and urine specimen found is Oral fluid for their applications in therapeutic and toxicological drug monitoring [54] When analytical studies get concern with long duration of exposure to the detection window Hair could be as a best biological matrix for the identification and analysis of drugs. It is supposed that drugs or chemicals enter in to hair by passive diffusion from blood capillaries into growing cells and the mechanisms of substance incorporation, analytical methods, result interpretation and practical applications of hair analysis has been well reviewed showing practical utility of hair analysis. [62] Except from all the above given matrices one very precise and rarely encountered biological sample is Vitreous Humor. Its a fluid found between the lens and retina of the eye proved to be the best choice for analytical examinations as it is relatively well isolated and protected from putrefaction. Two different fatality cases were reported where the extraction of drugs is done from Vitreous humor. One case has been reported of citalopram fatality where the extraction of drug is done from Vitreous humor yeilding concentration of citalopram (SSRI) less than 0.04mg/L and in second case venlafaxine fatality is reported where postmortem analysis revealed the concentrations of Fluoxetine (SSRI) and its metabolite Norfluoxetine as 5.2 mg/l and 2.2mg/l respectively. [64] Other than these specimens, body tissues like liver [71], cerebrospinal fluid etc. canalso encounter for toxic and therapeutic drug monitoring biological matrices. Techniques for Sample Preparation Several methods have been published for the determination of one or more antidepressants in biological fluids for therapeutic monitoring or for toxicological purposes. For making biological samples suitable for analytical purposes some treatments should be given to overcome the matrix effects such that the other materials should not interfere with the analytical separation that is the extractability of the analytes in the sample inturn the results of the analysis. [96] These kinds of techniques are rapidly gaining acceptance in bioanalytical applications to reduce both time and labor required to produce bioanalytical results. Thus we can say that these methods give a high selectivity and sensitivity over a wide dynamic range and contribute in formulating very fine detection techniques. Some Commonly Prescribed New Generation Antidepressant Drugs and their Metabolites Several new antidepressants that inhibit the Serotonin (SERT) and Norepinephrine transporters (NET) have been consistently use for therapeutic purposes. [108] are showing below. Sertraline is an effective and highly utilized SSRIs group of drug and â€Å"its principle metabolite is desmethylsertraline.† [41] Another SSRIs group of Antidepressant drug, Fluoxetine has been used worldwide in the therapy of major depression. (3) â€Å"It is primarily metabolized via N-demethylation by the [117] Citalopram is a selective and potent serotonin reuptake inhibitor. [78] Another very important group of Antidepressant drug is SNRIs which includes drugs like Venlafaxine which inhibits serotonin, noradrenaline, and to a lesser extent dopamine reuptake. [39] In the majority of published analytical methods for determination of Antidepressant drugs, gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, in combination to different kinds of colums operating under different separation conditions, mobile phases and detectors has been used. These were tried to review in the table given below. With high-performance liquid chromatography the analysis is done by using different kinds of detectors like Fluorescence detector, UV detector, Mass detectors etc. For ex. a high-performance liquid chromatographic method is described for the determination of serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) in human plasma where Fluorescence detector was used. [140] A survey of most recent multiresidue analytical methods developed for the determination of different kinds of Antidepressant drugs in different types of biological test matrices with their specific cleanup procedures including the choice of mobile phase, stationary phase, detector system and validation data is summarized in the tabular form below. TABLE Analytical Method Matrix Analyte Extraction method Column Mobile phase Detector system Limit of detection/quantification (ng/L)/ analytical range References LC-MS Plasma Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine Automated SPE XTerra MS C18 Formic acid in methanol and water Triple stage, ESI, positive mode, SRM Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine, m/z 310.3 and 296.2 resp.Linearity,0.5-50ng/mL for both the analyte. 81 LC-MS Plasma Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine On-line extraction using column switching Oasis HLB and Discovery HS C18 Formic acid in acetonitrile and water ESI, positive mode, SIM LOQ,25ng/Ml for both . 141 LC- MS Hair citalopram and its metabolites liquid/liquid extraction narrow bore C18 _ Tandem mass spectrometre LOQ 25 pg/mg 61 HPLC Plasma Venlafaxine,desmethylvenlafaxine, N,O-didesmethylvenlafaxine liquid-liquid extraction Thermo BDS HYPERSIL C18 water (ammonium acetate: 30mmol/l, formic acid 2.6mmol/l, trifluoroacetic acid 0.13mmol/l) and acetonitrile (60:40, V/V) MS/ESI LOD were 0.4, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.2ng/ml for VEN, ODV, NDV and DDV resp. 134 HPLC Plasma Venlafaxine ,O-di desmethylvenlafaxine solid-phase extraction with C1 cartridges reversed-phase column -C8 75% aqueous phosphate buffer containing triethylamine and 25% acetonitrile Fluorescence detector LOQ 1.0ngmL?1 and LOD 0.3ngmL?1 39 GC-MS oral fluid amitryptiline, paroxetine and sertraline solid-phase extraction with Bond elute column {Acid compounds were eluted with acetone while basic and neutral compounds with dichloromethane:isopropanol:ammonium (80:20:2, v/v/v)} methylsilicone capillary column Carrier gas He, Flow rate 0.8ml/min selected-ion-monitoring (SIM) mode. Between0.9 and 44.2ng/ml (LOQ) 55 HPLC Plasma citalopram and its metabolites _ reversed-phase column -C18 40% acetonitrile: 60% aqueous tetramethylammonium perchlorate Fluorescence detection at 300 nm, exciting at 238 nm (LOQ) 1.5 ng mL?1 citalopram and desmethylcitalopram , 2.0 ng mL?1 for didesmethylcitalopram 124 HPLC Plasma fluvoxamine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, mirtazapine, milnacipram, venlafaxine, desmethylcitalopram, didesmethylcitalopram, norfluoxetine, O-desmethyl venlafaxine, desmethylmirtazapine liquid-liquid extraction Symmetry C8 acetonitrile-phosphate buffer 10 mM UV (230 nm and 290 nm) LOD, 25 to 500 ng/mL (100-2000 ng/mL for venlafaxine and its metabolite), LOQ, 25 ng/mL (100 ng/mL for venlafaxine and its metabolite) 142 HPLC-MS Blood fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, Citalopram, norfluoxetine, desmethylcitalopram, didesmethylcitalopram, desmethylvenlafaxine, and desmethylmirtazapine liquid-liquid extraction. XTerra RP18 column Acetonitrile and ammonium formate buffer (4 mmol/L) Tandem mass spectrometre LOD, 5-500 ng/mL (20-2000 ng/mL for venlafaxine and desmethylvenlafaxine) and LOQ, 5 ng/mL (venlafaxine and desmethylvenlafaxine: 20 ng/mL) 143 HPLC Serum fluvoxamine, milnacipran, paroxetine, sertraline, fluoxetine, citalopram, venlafaxine, desmethylcitalopram, didesmethylcitalopram and norfluoxetine liquid-liquid extraction. Beckman C18 reversed-phase column (50%, v/v) acetonitrile in a sodium phosphate buffer (0.05 M with pH 3.8) UV (200.4 nm) 15 ng/ml -fluoxetine, 25 ng/ml-venlafaxine, norfluoxetine, citalopram and its metabolites, 40 ng/ml- sertraline, 50 ng/ml-fluvoxamine 127 Capillary Liquid chromatography Plasma citalopram, fluoxetine, paroxetine and their metabolites reversed-phase C8 SPE Kromasil, C18 acetonitrile-45 mM ammonium formate (25:75, v/v). UV LOQ between 0.05 to 0.26 ?M 42 HPLC Plasma fluoxetine and norfluoxetine Sample treated with acetonitrile and isolated supernatants were directly injected Discovery C18 0.1% formic acid in water and acetonitrile (40: 60) ESI- Tandem Mass spectrometre, (m/z 310 ? m/z 44.3 for fluoxetine, m/z 296 ? m/z 134 for norfluoxetine) LOD, fluoxetine, 0.02 ng/mL and 0.03 ng/mL, norfluoxetine 95 RP-HPLC Serum Sertraline liquid- liquid extraction. cyano column 63:37 (v/v) methanol-sodium phosphate buffer (0.05M) containing 2mLL?1 triethylamine Fluorescence detector LOQ up to 2ngmL? 111 LC-MS/MS plasma Sertraline, N-desmethyl sertraline liquid-liquid extraction Betasil C8 column 750 mL methanol + 250 mL deionized water + 2.5 mL, 1.0 M ammonium trifluoroacetate. tandem mass spectrometry SER, NDS were were m/z 306.2?159.0, 292.1?159.0, resp. 12 LC-MS/MS Plasma venlafaxine (VEN) and O-desmethyl venlafaxine (ODV) SPE Betasil C18 column isocratic tandem mass spectrometry m/z 278.27?121.11 for VEN, m/z 264.28?107.10 for ODV 144 RP-HPLC Pharmaceutical formulations. Olanzapine, fluoxetine. _ Inertsil C18 reversed phase column 40:30:30 (v/v/v) mixture of 9.5mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate, acetonitrile methanol UV LOQ, 0.005 0.001?gmL?1 for olanzapine and fluoxetine resp. 145 HPLC-MS-MS Plasma Citalopram, fluvoxamine and paroxetine On-line SPE with column switching.(Oasis/HLB) Oasis HLB and Symmetry C18 Formic acid in water and acetonitrile Triple stage, APCI, positive mode, SRM LLOQ, 20 microg/ L for citalopram fluvoxamine and 10 microg/L/ for paroxetine. LOD, 5 microg/ L for all 131 LC-MS(/MS) Plasma Citalopram LLE Hypersil BDS C8 Aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile ESI, positive mode, SIM Analytical range, Citalopram 0.50-250ng/mL 146 LC-MS(/MS) Plasma Fluoxetine and norfluoxetine LLE Lichrospher 100 RP-8 E Aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile ESI, positive mode, SIM Analytical range, Fluoxetine 2.5-250ng/mL, norfluoxetine 10-250ng/mL 147 LC-MS(/MS) Plasma Sertraline SPE Beta Basic C-8 Aqueous ammonium formate and acetonitrile Triple stage, ESI, positive mode, SRM Analytical range, Sertraline 0.5-60.0ng/mL 148 LC-MS(/MS) Plasma Fluoxetine Stir bar sorptive extraction Luna C18 Aqueous ammonium acetate and methanol ESI, positive mode, SIM Analytical range, Fluoxetine 10-500ng/mL 74 LC-MS(/MS) Plasma Fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine and venlafaxine SPE C18 Aqueous ammonium acetate and acetonitrile ESI, positive mode, SIM Analytical range, Fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine, venlafaxine 5.0-1,000.0ng/mL 149 LC-MS Plasma Citalopram liquid-liquid extraction Hypersil BDS C8 microbore column 10mM ammonium formate- formic acid and acetonitrile (30:70 v/v) Positive electrospray ionization with selected ion monitoring mode. m/z- 325 citalopram, m/z- 281 imipramine, LOQ- 0.50 ng/ml. 75 HPLC-MS/ ESI Plasma Fluoxetine, citalopram, paroxetine and venlafaxine SPE Macherey- NA Gel C18 column Water (formic acid 0.6%, ammonium acetate 30mmol/l) and acetonitrile, 35:65 (v/v) Electron spray ionization LOD, Fluoxetine 0.5, citalopram 0.3, paroxetine 0.3 and venlafaxine 0.1 ng/ml 80 HPLC Plasma Fluoxetine and Norfluoxetine liquid-liquid extraction Reverse phase C18 column Phosphate buffer and acetonitrile Fluorescence detector LOD, 3mg/l 76 LC-MS(/MS) Serum 20 antidepressants: amoxapine, amitriptyline, citalopram, clomipramine, dothiepin, doxepin, fluoxetine, imipramine, maprotiline, mianserin, paroxetine, sertraline, trimipramine, nortriptyline, monodesmethylcitalopram, desmethylclomipramine, desipramine, norfluoxetine, desmethylmianserin,N-des methylsertraline On-line extraction using column switching Cyclone and Xterra MS C18 Ammonium acetate in water, formic acid in acetonitrile and water Triple stage, ESI, positive mode, SRM Analytical range for all compounds, 10-500ng/mL 150 LC-MS/MS Oral Fluid and Plasma amitriptyline, imipramine, clomipramine, fluoxetine, paroxetine, sertraline, fluvoxamine, citalopram and venlafaxine and their metabolites nortriptyline, desipramine, norclomipramine and norfluoxetine. Automated SPE Sunfire C18 IS Column Acetonitrile and ammonium formate buffer (pH 3.0; 2 mM) tandem mass spectrometer (ESI+ mode) with triple quadrupole LLOQ -2 ng/ L (except clomipramine LmsZLOQ -10 ng/ L) for both oral fluid and plasma 151 HPLC Urine and Plasma amitriptyline, imipramine and sertraline hollow fiber-based (polypropylene) liquid phase microextraction Zorbax Extend C18 column 0.02 M acetic acid solution and methanol (54:46) (pH 4.0) UV-VIS LOD found between 0.5 and 0.7 ?g L?1 85 GC-MS Urine fluoxamine, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, mitrazapine, citalopram SPMES CP-SIL C8 He- carrier gas (floe rate- 1.2 ml/min) MS with Electron Impact Ionisation Less than 0.4ng/ml-1 Salgado petinal Abbreviations:APCI atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation, ESI eletrospray ionisation, LLE liquid-liquid extraction, LOD limitation of detection, LOQ limit of quantification, SIM single ion monitoring, SPE solid-phase extraction, SRM selected reaction monitoring , ESI electron spray ionization, UV ultraviolet, FD fluorescence detector, LC_TMS liquid chromatography tandom mass spectrometry, LC_MS, GC_MS gas chromatography mass spectrometry, RP-HPLC reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. Thus, this table is framed for the comparative study of the major analytical approaches used in the detection and identification of Antidepressant Drugs and their metabolites in different biological matrices in order to develop the new methods with the aim to increase the sample throughput and to improve the quality of analytical methods. Thus, analytical methods for the detection of ADs and their metabolites in biological matrices are of interest in the field of forensic toxicology which involves the analysis of drugs and poisons in biological specimens and interpretation of the results to be applied in a court of law. Several analytical methods have been developed for analysis of these antidepressants in biological matrices. These methods provide a good precision and accuracy over the entire analytical range and allowing the development of very rapid and efficient analytical methods by using newer kind of analytical techniques. Conclusion: As the subject of Antidepressants toxicity is evolving, newer methods for their analysis are also evolving. However, some classes of Antidepressants drugs are less toxic and well tolerated but can lead to Toxic or Fatal Drug interaction. The research in this field is very active and results in a large number of papers published every year. Therefore they may be encountered in many Clinical and Forensic cases. Therefore, this review is mainly aimed to target latest analytical and instrumental methods used for detection and characterization of Antidepressant drugs and their metabolites in biological test matrices in turn focus on their toxic as well as therapeutic aspects which would be definitely prove to be helpful in future research and still there is lots of work required in this area as its prescription rate and toxicity is evolving day by day all over the world and by using non-destructive and sophisticated newer instrumental techniques we can also built a new strategy of examina tion and investigation for the drugs of interest. However, in this study, a decision about whether a studys findings are positive or negative cannot always be based strictly on the primary outcome measure. Future trials should also consider, using different kinds of detecting techniques and methods which would allow for easier comparison and interpretation of results across studies as the subject is of global concern and despite the success of such methods there is a continuing need for sustained innovations. Thus, future work in this area will definitely prove to be a promising from both clinical as well as from forensic prospect.

Youth Smoking and Prevention Essay - 3811 Words

Youth Smoking and Prevention Introduction: Ascertaining the Issue and Addressing the Problem As we progress into a more sophisticated and knowledgeable future, it is no wonder that our prosperity and health are first on our list of priorities. By simply looking at the longevity people have in todays world, one can see something that was unfathomable less than one hundred years ago. In this proposal, an issue is addressed that deals on many levels. It is an issue that touches everyone, whether one is directly involved or not. It is an issue that lives in every community around the world and affects more people than most realize. So as we advance into an increasingly foreseeable future, where our standard of success rises higher†¦show more content†¦To provide a picture of the magnitude of the problem, it was estimated that underage smokers consumed 924 million packs of cigarettes in 1998 (U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, 188). A number as large as this will be certain to raise eyebrows, but as we have seen from the past, most times it does not. A prime exampl e of the ignorance shown toward smoking is given by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention who state that over 2 million deaths in the 5-year period from 1995 through 1999 were attributable to cigarette smoking (Heinrich 1). This total lack of adherence is shocking. But first, to begin to assess and fully understand what we are dealing with, knowledge of tobacco and how exactly it became so popular is necessary to achieve a meaningful solution and ultimately effective proposal. Tobacco: A Self Portrait Exactly how tobacco gained so much influence and popularity is uncertain. There was never a single moment in time when everyone all at once decided that they should take up smoking cigarettes. This is why tracing the exact origin of influence is hard to do. However, when one looks at the past, hints of causing factors can be seen that still create problems in todays issues. For example, Joel Spitzer, a former smoker, writes about how smoking cigarettes started to become part of everyday life andShow MoreRelatedChildren s Awareness Of Youth Smoking969 Words   |  4 PagesControl and Prevention, (â€Å"Youth and Tobacco Use†). The eyes of many open once they experience a loved one that suffered from addiction . In the United States, there are many active companies that are trying to increase the awareness of youth smoking. American Lung Association tries to inform parents and children about the risk smoking has to our bodies, (â€Å"Our Mission†). To dramatically impro ve the health of the youth, many organizations come together to inform the youth of the effects smoking has onRead MoreThe Effects Of Cigarette Smoking On Health884 Words   |  4 PagesCigarette smoking remains the chief cause of none communicable disease and death in the United States. Each year, cigarette smoking is responsible for an estimated 480 million deaths and more than 8 million smoking-related illnesses (CDC, 2014). It is accountable for total costs nearing 170 billion dollars in direct medical expense and work lost productivity (2014). Although it is true that smoking adversely affects health, there are more than 4 million adults reported as active smokers. In manyRead MoreSmoking Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pages Smoking is known as the leading cause of death in the United States with over 480,000 deaths each year. Due to smoking increasing the risks of dying from several other diseases the total number of deaths that can be attributed to smoking is about 540,000. Acc ording to Lecture, the problem exists in society with about 23% of U.S. adults smoking. The highest rates are found in American Indians and Alaska Natives with the lowest being Asians. Smoking is known as public health enemy number one. SmokingRead MoreThe Dangers Of Tobacco And Smoking1584 Words   |  7 Pagessurrounded by smoking day to day everywhere we go even if we don’t smoke it affects us. It has been in our society for generations. Families have grown up with family members that smoke or even smoking themselves. Smoking is a large part of our society spending billions while boosting the economy with sales and ads; in the midst of so much negativity surrounding smoking which is it good or bad? We hear the negatives all the time but upsides to smoking are never discussed. Tobacco and smoking were notRead MoreWhy You Should Quit Smoking Essay1150 Words   |  5 PagesTopic: Smoking in Society Goal: I want to persuade my audience that smoking is a health risk to all of society and that smokers should be encouraged to quit. Thesis: It is imperative for smokers to quit, benefiting society as a whole a well as themselves. Introduction Attention Material: I am from a family where both of my parents dont smoke. There is although a person of my circle who smokes a lot everyday and that is my unlce. All my life I can remember him smoking and trying to quitRead MoreTobacco and Its Harmful Effects1685 Words   |  7 PagesThe â€Å"Smoking† Killer Smoking has become a big health epidemic in today’s society. Smoking has grown to be a â€Å"norm† among all races, genders, and ages of Americans. Smoking is very harmful to the body because of the vast chemicals that are involved in the tobacco. Various life-threaten disease, such as Cancer come from smoking. The government has implemented a wide range of ways to stop people from smoking these senseless chemicals to live a smoke-free life. Literature Review Tobacco crops are theRead MorePsychoactive Substance Problems Of The United States1072 Words   |  5 Pagesin the future. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the impact of cigarette smoking on the economy is huge. Seventy-five percent of American health care money spent is due to the effects of tobacco causing various chronic diseases. Such diseases include, diabetes, heart disease, cancers, congenital defects, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), stroke, birth defects, etc. â€Å"Cigarette smoking harms nearly every organ of the body, causes many diseases, andRead MoreEffects Of Cigarette Smoking Among Adult Smokers1264 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The Los Angeles County Department of Health Services developed a survey for the assessment of cigarette smoking among adult smokers. The assessment showed that there has been a significant decrease/decline in cigarette smoking amongst adults in the year of 2003. The survey proved that fewer adults are smoking in Los Angeles County than if the rate of smoking had remained the same as in previous years. This paper evaluates the findings in the assessment conducted by Los Angeles County DepartmentRead MoreThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke800 Words   |  4 PagesThe Effects of Smoking Bans on Victims of Exposure to Second Hand Smoke Exposure to second hand smoke, which for the purposes of this report will be designated SHS, poses extremely detrimental health risks for any and all individuals who consider themselves non-smokers, especially young children and pregnant women. SHS is estimated to contribute to heart attacks in nonsmokers and causes nearly 53,800 deaths in the United States alone on an annual basis.1 According to the United States SurgeonRead MoreTeenage Smokers and Advertisement Essays1085 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung people to its particular brand has a high chance that they will become loyal to their company and maintain their profit for many years to come. This concept applies to tobacco companies as well. A CDC (Center for Disease Control and Prevention) study showed that 80% of smokers start before the age of 18, which is why tobacco companies try hardest to attract young people the same as any other company would, by advertising. Even though Canada’s Tobacco Act (1997) bans advertising of

Government cut-backs Free Essays

High youth unemployment and cutbacks in government funding for post-secondary education are the new realities confronting students. The implications for most working and middle class students are either to abandon education altogether and to accept a future of McJobs and unemployment, or to be saddled with a lifetime of debt. Since the end of WW II, science and technology have been playing a dramatically increased role in the process of capitalist production in Canada. We will write a custom essay sample on Government cut-backs or any similar topic only for you Order Now As a result, there has been an increase in the demand for a more highly educated labour force. For example, between 1971 and 1986, jobs primarily concerned with the creation and utilization of data and technical knowledge have represented two-thirds of net job growth. This has led to a rapid expansion in school enrolment. Between 1951 and 1993, the number of full-time post-secondary students has increased over tenfold, growing from 91,000 to almost 1 million. However, accompanying the scientific and technological revolution, is a tremendous growth in productivity that has led to higher levels of unemployment. Between 1980 and 1993, youth unemployment increased from 12% to 17.5, leaving many with no other alternative but to remain in or return to school. Since 1984-85, tuition fees have more than doubled across Canada, pushing more students into the labour market in search of income. While in 1980, 31% of full-time students, aged 15-24, held jobs during the school year; by 1989, this number had reached 41%. This worsening economic situation has also seriously interfered with the studies of college and university full-time students, as almost a third of them were forced to work 20 or more hours per week during the school year. Another reflection of the economic hardship of students is their growing debt burden. In 1984, 114,000 Ontario students received around $4000 million in student aid, by 1993-94, as tuition continued to increase, about 180,000 students (representing almost half of full-time students) took out over $1 billion in loans. The average value of loans in 1994-95 was around $6800. By 1998, the federal government is scheduled to eliminate a total of $7 billion in transfer payments to the provinces for medicare, social assistance, and post-secondary education. The expected effect on Ontario university students is a doubling of their tuition. But this is only the tip of the iceberg. Ontario’s education minister, John Snobelen, has already made clear his government’s intention to move toward a â€Å"market-based tuition fee†. If both levels of government abandon their financial support for Ontario universities, tuition will reach minimum levels of $7500-$8000. To counter the danger of a dramatic growth in defaults as it increases tuition fees, the federal government has transferred liability for student loans to the private banks. While increasing the role of the private banks in the short term, these changes set the pace for the full privatization of the student loan system. Another plan, currently under discussion, proposes collecting the loan repayments through the taxation system, i.e., Revenue Canada, through an Income Contingent Loan Repayment Plan (ICLRP). If the direction of government â€Å"reforms† is not reversed, it is only a matter of time before students who are at a high risk of unemployment (disproportionately women) or who are expected to have a low income after graduation (again disproportionately women) are refused access to loans, while most of the rest are burdened with a lifetime of debt. But the class nature of the privatization process has already become apparent. For 1995-96, the demand for first-year places is down by 5% in Ontario–20% in some faculties–leading many schools to turn toward recruiting drives and to lowering their admission requirements. Evidently, higher tuition is an obstacle for better qualified, poorer students, while offering an opening to less qualified, richer students. Cut the deficit by taxing the big corporations By focusing attention on expenditure reduction, the big corporations and the right-wing aim to deflect attention from the cause of the national debt: the decreasing tax revenues from corporations, which have declined from 20% of total federal revenues to only 7% in the last 20 years. Canada continues to have one of the lowest corporate tax rates in the industrialized world. Even the same level of corporate taxation as in the U.S. would provide an additional $9 billion a year–more than enough to cover all the cuts in social spending scheduled by the federal government. The ongoing cutbacks to education follow more than a decade of political and financial pressures promoted by federal and provincial governments in relation to social spending in general. Indeed, the education crisis cannot be separated from the overall crisis of the capitalist economy in Canada. The critical challenge before us today is to bring together all the social elements that are hurt by the implementation of the big corporate agenda: to build wide coalitions of youth and students, workers, women, seniors, environmentalists, peace groups, farmers, aboriginal people, immigrants, and many others–in support of a genuine â€Å"People’s Alternative† program. This program would provide for decent wages, stronger public health and child cares systems, job creation programs, while restoring and increasing public funding for education. Reversing the current cut-backs and building the people’s alternative depend on escalating the student protests. As a first step, we must build strong grassroots organizations on campuses which can ensure wide student involvement in the mobilizations. Students and working people have fought a long battle to win the right to higher education, health care, UI, and other social programs. Today, we have to build the fightback against those who are bent on destroying our social programs and our right to a quality, accessible education. How to cite Government cut-backs, Papers

Information Management Information Securityâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Differences between Information Management Information Security? Answer: Introduction In today's contemporary era, the business organizations are creating and using the large quantity of information because the information has become one of the most valuable assets for the businesses. Information provides support to the business in carrying out the various functions of the organization as well as helps in making decisions. The organizations are investing in the information technology because it helps to bring economic value. The economic value helps to increase the revenue, productivity as well as competitiveness. Information can play a role of liability or asset for the business organizations (KnowledgeBrief Manage, 2017; Benson Davis, 2008). The information management is a process that relates to the information and provided to the decision makers of the organization in an appropriate or timely manner. Information management includes all the processes and the systems in order to make use of the information in the organization(SFC, 2017). The purpose of management of information is to provide the right information to decision makers at the correct time and place. In order to attain effective information management in the organization, it is essential to pay proper attention for managing the soft knowledge that includes instinctive capabilities, decision making and tactic knowledge(Espejo Watt, 1988). The Issue The issue related to the information management that came up is that the information that is provided for the access may have threats regarding the distribution of information for the unauthorized access that possibly destroys the privacy and the secrecy of the information. Need for Information Management It is essential to management the information for the purpose to maintain the records of all the information regarding the activities or the functions in the organization. The information is the asset of the business organizations that helps the organization to foster growth through the implementation of the information in the business needs. The information provides a base for the development in the organization. It also maintains the flow of functions in the organization. Information is an essential resource for enhancing the performance of the organization as well as the employees of the employees. It allows to share the information regarding the procedures and the progress of the organization as this develops transparency within the organization as well as simplifies the decision making process (Markgraf, 2017; Jefferis, 2015). Information Management Principles The principles of the information management are: Information is a valuable asset that should be managed appropriately. The information should be accessible as well as shared across the organization in order to increase the understanding and the knowledge. The information should be understandable as well as consistent. The information and the data should be secured and protected as from the unauthorized access(SFC, 2017). Information Management and the Information Security The information management function is essential because information is the asset of the organization. The management of the information is one of the crucial elements within the organization. Along with the management of the information there is a need to secure the information of the company(Dearstyne, 2005). The need for security of the information is there in order to diminish the effects of cyber threats. The misuse of the information can destroy the privacy of the information of the company. The reasons behind these threats can be inadequate security technology, outdated security software, lack of encryption, third party entry, technology with weak security, neglecting proper configuration and the social media attacks(Georgetown University, 2017). The objective of the organization behind the security of the information is to ensure continuity of the business as well as to reduce or prevent the damage that impacts the security of the information of the organization. The basic security issues in the organization occurs due to the lack of control within the organization(BSI Group, 2017). Ways to Secure the Information The information can be secured by designing a safe system, using strong passwords, conducting the screening and background checks, providing training to the employees, keeping sensitive data apart from the regular data and regular scanning of the system and the software. The adoption of these methods possibly eliminates the risk to information. The regular analysis of the security of the information is essential. The security of the information is essential to restrict the occurrence of the issues related to the security of the information in the organization(Steinberg, 2011). Conclusion It can be concluded that the information management is an essential function in the organization that should be handled carefully. The information management in the organization includes controlling of the access to the information, establishing the transparency, and understanding of the information as well as the protection of information. The information security is essential to eliminate the risks of distribution or unauthorized access to the information. The security becomes vulnerable to threats because of inappropriate control of the access to information within the organization. The threats can be internal as well external. To secure the information, the organization should adopt the ways to protect the information of the organization. References Benson, V., Davis, K. (2008). Business Information Management. Retrieved 2017, from Bookboon.com: https://promeng.eu/downloads/training-materials/ebooks/business-information-management.pdf BSI Group. (2017). Why is information security needed? Retrieved 2017, from Bsigroup.com: https://shop.bsigroup.com/Browse-By-Subject/ICT/Information-security-standards-and-publications/Why-is-information-security-needed/ Dearstyne, B. W. (2005, July). The Information Enterprise: New Challenges New Dimensions. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from Arma.org: https://www.arma.org/bookstore/files/Dearstyne1.pdf Espejo, R., Watt, J. (1988). Information Management, Organization and Managerial Effectiveness. Journal of the Operational Research Society, 39(1), 7-14. Georgetown University. (2017). Top 10 Threats to Information Security. Retrieved 2017, from https://scsonline.georgetown.edu/programs/masters-technology-management/resources/top-threats-to-information-technology Jefferis, N. (2015, December 3). The need for an Information Management Function. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from Image and Data Manager: https://idm.net.au/article/0010818-need-information-management-function KnowledgeBrief Manage. (2017, May 13). Information Management. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from Kbmanage.com: https://www.kbmanage.com/concept/information-management-im Markgraf, B. (2017). How Is a Management Information System Useful in Companies? Retrieved 2017, from Smallbusiness.chron.com: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/management-information-system-useful-companies-63415.html promeng.eu. (2008). downloads/training-materials/ebooks/business-information-management.pdf. Retrieved 2017, from promeng.eu: https://promeng.eu/downloads/training-materials/ebooks/business-information-management.pdf SFC. (2017). Information Management Framework. Retrieved 2017, from Scottish Funding Council: https://www.sfc.ac.uk/web/FILES/AboutUsOperate/information_management_framework.pdf Steinberg, S. (2011, July 7). 10 Ways to Keep IT Systems Secure. Retrieved 2017, from Entrepreneur.com: https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/219954 thinkspace.csu.edu.au. (2014, May 19). itc540/2014/05/19/swot-analysis-and-report/. Retrieved May 13, 2017, from thinkspace.csu.edu.au: https://thinkspace.csu.edu.au/itc540/2014/05/19/swot-analysis-and-report